Transcript:

Headquarters

In the Field. 27 February 1865

Majr Genl W. T. Sherman

U. S. Army.

General. –

Your communication of the 24^th just reached me today. You state that it has been officially reported that your foraging parties are “murdered” after capture. Also you go on to say that you have “ordered a similar number of prisoners in our hands to be disposed of in like manner.” That is to say – you have ordered a number of Confederate soldiers to be “murdered.”

You characterize your order in proper terms; for the public voice even in your own country where it seldom dares to express itself in vindication of truth, honor or justice will surely agree with you in pronouncing you guilty of murder, in your order is carried out.

Before discussing this portion of your letter, I beg to assure you, that for every soldier of mine “murdered” by you I shall have executed at once two of yours giving in all causes preference to any officers who may be in my hands.

In reference to the statement you you make regarding the death of your foragers I have only to say that I know nothing of it; that no orders given by me authorize the killing of prisoners after capture, also that I do not believe my men killed any of yours except under circumstances in which it was perfectly legitimate and proper that they should kill them.

It is a part of the system of the thieves whom you designate as your foragers to fire the dwellings of those citizens whom they have robbed. To check this inhuman system, which is justly execrated by every civilized nation, I have directed my men to shoot down all of your men who are caught burning houses. This order shall remain in force, as long as you disgrace the profession of arms by allowing your men to destroy private dwellings.

You say that I cannot, of course, question your right to forage on the country “ It is a right as old as History” I do not, Sir, question this right. But there is a right older even that this, also one more inalienable, the right that every man as to defend his home, and to protect those who are dependant on him. And from my hear I wish that every old man and boy in my country who can fire a gun would shoot down, as he would a wild beast, the men who are desolating their land, burning their houses, and insulting their women.

You are particular in defining and claiming “war rights.” May I ask if you enumerate amongst them the right to fire upon a defenseless city without notice, to burn that city to the ground after it had been surrendered by the authorities who claimed though in vain, that protection which is always accorded in civilized warfare to non-combatants to fire the dwelling houses of citizens after robbing them also to perpetrate even darker crimes than these, crimes too black to enumerated?

You have permitted if you have not ordered the commission of these offences against humanity and the rules of war. You fired into the city of Columbia without a word of warning after its surrender by the mayor who demanded protection to private property you laid the whole city in ashes, leaving amid its ruins thousands of old men and helpless women and children who are likely to perish of starvation and exposure. Your line of march can be traced by the lurid light of burning houses and in more than one household there is now an agony far more bitter than that of death.

The Indian scalped his victim regardless of sex or age but with all his barbarity he always respected the persons of his female captives, Your soldiers, more savage than the Indians, insult these whose natural protectors are absent.

In conclusion I have only to request that whenever you have any of my men “disposed of” or “murdered” for the terms appear to be synonymous with you, you will let me hear of it in order that I may know what action to take in the matter on the meanwhile I shall hold fifty-six of your men as hostages for those whom you have ordered to be executed.

I am yours &c

Wade Hampton

Lt. Gen.

Citation: Wade Hampton, letter to William T. Sherman. 27 February 1865. AMs 360/12

Transcript:

Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi,

In the Field. Feb 24 1865

Lt Genl Wade Hampton

Comdg Cavalry forces. C. S. A.

General.

It is officially reported to me that our foraging parties are murdered after capture and labeled “Death to All Foragers”. One instance of a Liut and seven men near Chesterville, and another of twenty “near a Ravine 80 rods from the main road” about 3 miles from Feasterville. I have ordered a similar number of prisoners in our hand to be disposed of in like manner.

I hold about 1000 of prisoners cap-tured in various ways. And can stand it as long as you. But I hardly think these murders are committed with your knowledge. And would suggest that you give notice to the people at large that every life taken by them simply results in the death of one of your Confederates.

Of course you cannot question my right to “forage on the Country”. It is a war Right as old as History. The manner of exacting in various with circumstances. And if the Civil Authorities will supply my Requisitions I will forbid all foraging. But I find no Civil Authorities who can respond to calls for forage or provision. And therefore must collect directly of the People. I have no doubt this is the occasion of much misbehavior an the part of our men, but I cannot permit an enemy to judge, or punish with wholesale murder.

Personally I regret the bitter feelings engendered by this war: but they are to be expected, and I simply allege that those who struck the first blow and made war inevitable ought not in fairness to reproach us for the natural consequences. I merely assert our War Right to Forage. And my resolve to protect my foragers to the extent of Life for Life.

I am with respect

Your obt servant

W. T. Sherman

Maj. Genl.

U.S.A.

Citation: William T. Sherman (1820-1891), autograph letter signed to Wade Hampton. 24 February 1864. AMs 360/12